justice

The small Greek city-state, historical Athens, from concerning the eighth century BC was the first society to be based on broad inclusion of its citizenry, excluding women and the slave class. However, Athens had no legal science or single word for “law”, relying as an alternative on the three-way distinction between divine law (thémis), human decree and customized (díkē). Yet Ancient Greek law contained major constitutional innovations within the development of democracy. In 1934, the Austrian philosopher Hans Kelsen continued the positivist custom in his guide the Pure Theory of Law.

Prominent examples of legislatures are the Houses of Parliament in London, the Congress in Washington D.C., the Bundestag in Berlin, the Duma in Moscow, the Parlamento Italiano in Rome and the Assemblée nationale in Paris. By the precept of representative authorities individuals vote for politicians to hold out their wishes. Although nations like Israel, Greece, Sweden and China are unicameral, most nations are bicameral, that means they’ve two individually appointed legislative homes. Law professor and former United States Attorney General Edward H. Levi famous that the “primary pattern of legal reasoning is reasoning by instance” – that is, reasoning by comparing outcomes in cases resolving similar legal questions. Supreme …